&'*
=dl lZ VgZ \dkZgcZY! bZVhjgZY VcY gZbjcZgViZY
A67DJG :CK
>GDCB:CII]Z YZbVcYh [gdb bV_dg jc^dch deZgVi^c\ ^c i]Z XdchigjXi^dc
hZXidg [dg h^\c^[^XVcian ]^\]Zg lV\Zh VcY ^begdkZY WZcZ[^ih
^c bV^can i]Z \gdjeÉh ]dbZ bVg`Zi d[ Hdji] 6[g^XV Xdci^cjZ
jcVWViZY# Egd_ZXi Wdcjh YZbVcYh VXgdhh XdchigjXi^dc h^iZh
^c Hdji] 6[g^XV! Vh lZaa Vh YZbVcYh [dg igVkZa! [ddY!
VXXdbbdYVi^dc VcY h^iZ"heZX^[^X VaadlVcXZh Vahd Xdci^cjZ#
>begdkZY hdX^Va WZcZ[^ih! hjX] Vh ]ZVai] ^chjgVcXZ VcY eZch^dc
Xdcig^Wji^dch VgZ Vahd heZX^[^ZY# 6ai]dj\] lZ ]VkZ V adl jc^dc
bZbWZgh]^e d[ &,#+ ! i]Z cdc"jc^dc^hZY ZbeadnZZh dc djg h^iZh
]VkZ h^b^aVg YZbVcYh VcY VgZ d[iZc b^a^iVci#
6\V^chi i]^h! i]Z \gdje idd` V [^gb hiVcXZ
^c YZVa^c\ l^i] aVWdjg jcgZhi VcY
VhhdX^ViZY Xdbbjc^in VXi^k^hb! Vh i]^h
^h V bViZg^Va g^h` id i]Z hV[Zin d[ djg
ZbeadnZZh! Vh lZaa Vh id i]Z YZa^kZgn
d[ aVg\Z! bV^can ejWa^X hZXidg bjai^"
Y^hX^ea^cVgn XdcigVXih# 6h V \gdje lZ
WZa^ZkZ ^i ^h Xg^i^XVa i]Vi i]Z eg^cX^eaZh
d[ XZcigVa^hZY WVg\V^c^c\ WZ bV^ciV^cZY
YZhe^iZ i]Z hjWhiVci^Va egZhhjgZ [gdb
jc^dch ^c i]Z hZXidg id YZk^ViZ [gdb i]^h
`Zn iZcVci d[ hdjcY ^cYjhig^Va gZaVi^dch#
Djg Xdch^hiZci gZhedchZ ]Vh WZZc id cdi Zc\V\Z ^c VYYgZhh^c\
^cYjhign ^hhjZh Vi h^iZ aZkZa dg Wn XdcigVXi# 6h V `Zn bZbWZg d[
i]Z Hdji] 6[g^XVc ;ZYZgVi^dc d[ 8^k^a :c\^cZZg^c\ 8dcigVXidgh
H6;8:8 VcY i]Z HiZZa VcY :c\^cZZg^c\ >cYjhig^Zh ;ZYZgVi^dc d[
Hdji] 6[g^XV H:>;H6 ! lZ Xdci^cjZ id ^c[ajZcXZ i]ZhZ X]VaaZc\Zh
Vi ^cYjhign aZkZa# 9jg^c\ i]Z nZVg! lZ [jgi]Zg Vj\bZciZY i]Z
^cYjhig^Va gZaVi^dch bVcV\ZbZci XVeVW^a^i^Zh d[ i]Z ]jbVc
gZhdjgXZh =G iZVbh VXgdhh Vaa Wjh^cZhhZh l^i]^c i]Z \gdje#
I]^h! XdjeaZY l^i] V bdgZ egdVXi^kZ VeegdVX]! l^aa Vhh^hi ^c
^YZci^[n^c\ VcY gZhdak^c\ h^iZ"heZX^[^X ^hhjZh Vi h^iZ aZkZa WZ[dgZ
i]Zn ZhXVaViZ#
:9J86I>DC 6GDJC9 G
:BJC:G6I>DC
I]Z =G YZeVgibZci Xdci^cjZY id [dXjh dc ^c[dgb^c\ a^cZ
bVcV\Zgh VcY ZbeadnZZh d[ i]Z \gdjeÉh gZbjcZgVi^dc eda^Xn VcY
egVXi^XZ! i]Z higjXijgZ d[ idiVa gZbjcZgVi^dc VcY i]Z \gdjeÉh
VeegdVX] id gZlVgY^c\ eZg[dgbVcXZ# I]ZhZ hZhh^dch ]VkZ egdkZY
id WZ kVajVWaZ ^c Zchjg^c\ bdgZ ^c[dgbZY ZbeadnZZh ^c iZgbh d[
djg gZbjcZgVi^dc d[[Zg^c\# I]Z \gdjeÉh eda^Xn d[ gZbjcZgVi^c\
WZilZZc i]Z +%i] VcY +*i] eZgXZci^aZ d[ i]Z bVg`Zi VkZgV\Z
edh^i^dc d[ \jVgVciZZY WVhZ eVn! l^i] i]Z deedgijc^in id hZXjgZ
aVg\Zg kVg^VWaZ eVn! Xdci^cjZh id ZchjgZ i]Z hjXXZhh[ja ViigVXi^dc
VcY gZiZci^dc d[ Xg^i^XVa h`^aah ^c a^cZ l^i] djg gZbjcZgVi^dc
higViZ\n# I]^h higViZ\n Vahd Vaadlh i]Z \gdje id WZiiZg hjhiV^c
^ihZa[ Yjg^c\ V XdchigjXi^dc YdlcXnXaZ#
:ME6IG>6I: LDG@;DG8:
>c VYY^i^dc id djg Xdci^cjZY [dXjh dc adXVa h`^aah YZkZadebZci
VcY ZbeadnbZci ^c Vaa Xdjcig^Zh ^c l]^X] lZ deZgViZ! i]Z \gdje
[dXjhZh dc hjeedgi^c\ ^ih ZmeVig^ViZ ldg`[dgXZ# DkZg & '%%
igV^c^c\ ^ciZgkZci^dch idd` eaVXZ [dg adXVa VcY ZmeVig^ViZ
ZbeadnZZh ^c Xdjcig^Zh ^c i]Z gZhi d[ 6[g^XV# I]ZhZ ^ciZgkZci^dch
gZegZhZci Vc ZkZg"\gdl^c\ [dXjh l^i]^c i]Z \gdjeÉh igV^c^c\
VXVYZbn id ZmiZcY ^ih gZVX] VcY hjWhiVci^Vaan ^begdkZ i]Z
iZX]c^XVa VcY bVcV\Zg^Va h`^aah d[ adXVah VcY ZmeVig^ViZh
ZbeadnZY djih^YZ d[ Hdji] 6[g^XV#
I]Z \gdjeÉh ]^\]an"h`^aaZY ZmeVig^ViZ ZbeadnZZh ]VkZ ]ZaeZY
XdjciZg h`^aah h]dgiV\Zh dc i]Z Xdci^cZci! l]^aZ Vhh^hi^c\ ^c i]Z
YZkZadebZci d[ i]Z h`^aah edda ^c i]Z Xdjcig^Zh l]ZgZ i]Zn VgZ
YZeadnZY# 9jZ id i]Z hjXXZhh d[ i]^h higViZ\n! i]Z gZbjcZgVi^dc
VcY WZcZ[^ih eV^Y id i]ZhZ ZbeadnZZh lZgZ gZk^ZlZY VcY
Vj\bZciZY Yjg^c\ i]Z nZVg# I]Z WVhZ hVaVg^Zh! [a^\]i WZcZ[^ih VcY
gdiVi^dc eZg^dYh bV`Z jh Vc ZbeadnZg d[ X]d^XZ VcY ZcVWaZ i]Z
ViigVXi^dc VcY gZiZci^dc d[ i]ZhZ h`^aah ZkZc V\V^chi i]Z
gZbdiZcZhh d[ djg 6[g^XVc h^iZh l]Zc XdbeVgZY id gZ\^dch hjX]
Vh i]Z B^YYaZ :Vhi#
:CHJG>C< 8DBE:I>I>K: G
:BJC:G6I>DC
I]Z \gdjeÉh VeegdkZY AI>E lVh ^beaZbZciZY Yjg^c\ i]Z XjggZci
nZVg# I]^h egd\gVbbZ VYYgZhhZh i]Z X]VaaZc\Z d[ i]Z egZk^djh
hX]ZbZ l]^X] lVh dcan YZeZcYZci dc h]VgZ eg^XZ eZg[dgbVcXZ#
I]Z cZl AI>E d[[Zgh V WVaVcXZ WZilZZc ZmiZgcVa bVg`Zi
hZci^bZci ^c i]Z [dgb d[ h]VgZ eg^XZ! h]VgZ]daYZg kVajZ XgZVi^dc
VcY ^cY^k^YjVa eZg[dgbVcXZ# 6aa VheZXih d[ i]Z AI>E VYYgZhh i]Z
gZiZci^dc d[ ZbeadnZZh#
J^[ _cfb[c[djWj_ed
d[ i]Z
BJ?F"
id\Zi]Zg l^i] V cjbWZg d[ di]Zg ^begdkZbZcih id
djg gZbjcZgVi^dc egVXi^XZh! ZchjgZh V XdbeZi^i^kZ
edh^i^dc^c\ ^c iZgbh d[ \jVgVciZZY eVn VcY h]dgi
VcY adc\ iZgb ^cXZci^kZh#
;daadl^c\ i]Z ^beaZbZciVi^dc d[ V EViZghdc _dW \gVY^c\ hnhiZb
Yjg^c\ i]Z egZk^djh [^cVcX^Va nZVg! i]Z \gdje Xdci^cjZY id Va^\c
^ih \gVYZh VXgdhh hZ\bZcih VcY XajhiZgh# I]^h gZhjaiZY ^c \gZViZg
Xdch^hiZcXn VcY hiVcYVgY^hVi^dc d[ _dW i^iaZ \gVYZh#
<gdje ;^kZ d[[Zgh V cjbWZg d[ ZbeadnZZ WZcZ[^ih id ^ih
eZgbVcZci ZbeadnZZh! Vh VeegdkZY Wn i]Z gZbXd#
;D8JH 6G:6H 9JG>C< I=: N:6G
(




