'&
8DBEA>6C8: 6C9 :I=>86A 7JH>C:HH DE:G6I>DCH
;daadl^c\ i]Z 8dbeZi^i^dc 8dbb^hh^dc [^cY^c\h ^c i]Z XdchigjXi^dc hZXidg aVhi nZVg! djg ]dbZ bVg`Zi d[ Hdji] 6[g^XV ]Vh V adi id
Yd id Wg^Y\Z i]Z b^higjhi WZilZZc Wjh^cZhh VcY \dkZgcbZci#
=dl i]Z \gdje Xdbea^Zh id gZ\jaVi^dch VcY \j^YZa^cZh! Vh lZaa Vh ]dl Zi]^XVaan ^i deZgViZh! i]ZgZ[dgZ gZbV^ch k^iVa# I]Z \gdje ]Vh
]VY cd gZedgiZY ^cX^YZcih d[ cdc"Xdbea^VcXZ id gZ\jaVi^dch VcY gZ^c[dgXZY i]Z Xdbbjc^XVi^dc d[ ^ih 8dYZ d[ :i]^Xh VcY Wjh^cZhh
egVXi^XZh id Vaa ZbeadnZZh Yjg^c\ i]Z aVhi [Zl nZVgh# I]^h ]Vh WZZc hjeedgiZY Wn [dXjhZY igV^c^c\ egd\gVbbZh#
>em Ze m[ c[Wikh[ j^_i5
8h[WY^[i e\ Yecfb_WdY[
:VX] ZmZXji^kZ Xdbb^iiZZ bZbWZg! id\Zi]Zg l^i] i]Z
hZ\bZciÉh bVcV\^c\ Y^gZXidgh! VgZ Y^gZXian gZhedch^WaZ
[dg Zchjg^c\ Xdbea^VcXZ id gZaZkVci aVlh VcY gZ\jaVi^dch
l^i]^c i]Z^g Y^hX^ea^cZ d[ gZhedch^W^a^in dg Wjh^cZhh#
>c VYY^i^dc! V XZcigVa Xdbea^VcXZ bVcV\Zg ]Vh WZZc
Veed^ciZY id Zc]VcXZ bdc^idg^c\# FjVgiZgan [ZZYWVX` ^h
egdk^YZY id i]Z VjY^i VcY g^h` Xdbb^iiZZh#
I]ZgZ lZgZ cd `cdlc WgZVX]Zh d[ aZ\^haVi^kZ aVlh VcY
gZ\jaVi^dch Yjg^c\ i]Z nZVg#
?dY_Z[dji e\ [j^_YWb WdZ ]el[hdWdY[
ded#Yecfb_WdY[
&* ^cX^YZcih d[ Zi]^XVa cdc"Xdbea^VcXZ Wn ZbeadnZZh
dXXjggZY! l]^X] gZhjaiZY ^c &' ZbeadnZZh WZ^c\
Y^hb^hhZY VcY i]gZZ ZbeadnZZh gZXZ^k^c\ lg^iiZc
lVgc^c\h# Bdhi d[ i]Z ^cX^YZcih lZgZ i]Z[i YjZ id i]Z
ZbeadnZZh ZmeZg^ZcX^c\ [^cVcX^Va Y^[[^Xjain
GZ[Zg id i]Z hjeeaZbZciVgn
hZXi^dc d[ i]Z ^ciZ\gViZY
VccjVa gZedgi#
-'
BWXekh lebWj_b_jo
B6C6<>C< KDA6I>A: A67DJG G:A6I>DCH 6C9 ?D7 8G:6I>DC
@eX Yh[Wj_ed WdZ Z[l[befc[dj
>ciZgcVa egdbdi^dch
6h eVgi d[ djg ZbeadnZZ kVajZ egdedh^i^dc! i]Z \gdje
Vhe^gZh id egdk^YZ XVgZZg VcY eZghdcVa YZkZadebZci
deedgijc^i^Zh id Vaa djg ZbeadnZZh# 6 `Zn bZVhjgZ d[
djg hjXXZhh ^h i]Z cjbWZg d[ hZc^dg bVcV\ZbZci
Veed^cibZcih bVYZ [gdb l^i]^c i]Z gVc`h d[ djg
ZbeadnZZh# -% dji d[ &%+ ,* d[ i]Z XjggZci
hZc^dg bVcV\ZbZci edh^i^dch VgZ ]ZaY Wn ZbeadnZZh
egdbdiZY [gdb l^i]^c i]Z \gdje#
IgV^c^c\
IdiVa igV^c^c\ heZcY ^cXgZVhZY Wn '& [gdb
G(,!& b^aa^dc aVhi nZVg id G)*!& b^aa^dc#
8dbbjc^in _dW XgZVi^dc egd\gVbbZh
I]Z \gdjeÉh EZdeaZ Vi i]Z <ViZ ^c^i^Vi^kZ lVh hiVgiZY
^c ;'%%. VcY [dXjhZh dc ZbeadnbZci d[ adXVa h`^aah
VgdjcY djg h^iZh# I]^h egd\gVbbZ ]Vh gZhjaiZY ^c
Vabdhi & -%% Xdbbjc^in bZbWZgh [gdb VgdjcY djg
h^iZh WZ^c\ igV^cZY# D[ i]ZhZ! .% lZgZ ZbeadnZY dc
djg h^iZh! l^i] i]ZhZ _dWh bdhian WZ^c\ i]Z Xdbbjc^in
bZbWZghÉ [^ghi [dgbVa _dWh#
^ciZgcVa egdbdi^dch
ZbeadnZZ gZXd\c^i^dc ^c^i^Vi^kZh
igV^c^c\ VcY YZkZadebZci [dg [jijgZ XVgZZg egd\gZhh^dc
igV^c^c\ d[ jch`^aaZY bZbWZgh d[ i]Z Xdbbjc^in id
Zc]VcXZ h`^aah YZkZadebZci ^c i]Z VgZVh ^c l]^X] lZ ldg`
gZhdjgX^c\ d[ XdcigVXih l^i] ^cY^k^YjVah [gdb i]Z
Xdbbjc^i^Zh l]ZgZ lZ deZgViZ! Vh [Vg Vh edhh^WaZ
>em Ze m[ c[Wikh[ j^_i5
I]Z \gdjeÉh ]dbZ bVg`Zi d[ Hdji] 6[g^XV ZmeZg^ZcXZY
ZmigZbZ aVWdjg kdaVi^a^in! ^cXajY^c\ hdbZ ^cX^YZcih d[ k^daZci
VcY Xg^b^cVa VXi^dch Yg^kZc Wn YZbVcYh [dg lV\Z ^cXgZVhZh
VcY VYY^i^dcVa _dW XgZVi^dc! Vh lZaa Vh hdbZ eda^i^XVa
bdi^kVi^dc# AVWdjg gZaVi^dch Vi h^iZh ]VkZ WZXdbZ bdgZ
XdbeaZm! l^i] bjai^eaZ gdjiZh d[ Xdbbjc^XVi^dc YjZ id
X]Vc\Zh ^c i]Z jc^dc Zck^gdcbZci! l^i] V cjbWZg d[
VYY^i^dcVa ^cZmeZg^ZcXZY jc^dch id Zc\V\Z l^i] VcY XadhZg
\dkZgcbZci ^ckdakZbZci ^c `Zn ejWa^X hZXidg XdcigVXih!
hjX] Vh edlZg hiVi^dch# 6c ^cXgZVh^c\ cjbWZg d[ hig^`Zh
VgZ jcegdiZXiZY#
Id\Zi]Zg l^i] djg Xa^Zcih! lZ VgZ iV`^c\ V [^gb hiVcXZ
id YZVa l^i] jcgjan VcY jcegdiZXiZY aVWdjg jcgZhi VcY
VhhdX^ViZY Xdbbjc^in VXi^k^hb! Vh i]^h ^h V bViZg^Va g^h`
id i]Z hV[Zin d[ djg ZbeadnZZh VcY id i]Z YZa^kZgn d[ aVg\Z!
bV^can ejWa^X hZXidg XdcigVXih#
LZ Xdci^cjZ id Zc\V\Z l^i] djg ZbeadnZZh VcY i]Z
Xdbbjc^i^Zh VgdjcY djg deZgVi^dch id hjeedgi _dW XgZVi^dc
VcY YZkZadebZci V\V^chi i]Z cZZYh d[ i]Z deZgVi^dch!
l^i] V `Zn [dXjh dc/
)%
BVc YVnh adhi
Jc^dc bZbWZgh]^eh
GZ[Zg id eV\Z )& [dg
eZg[dgbVcXZ V\V^chi
djg bZVhjgZh#
mmm




